47th infantry regiment 9th infantry division vietnam47th infantry regiment 9th infantry division vietnam

[36] The regiment reached Saint-L-d'Ourville, via Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte, Saint-Sauveur-de-Pierrepont, and Neuville-en-Beaumont, by 18 June. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. [Personal Narrative] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/afc2001001.103230/. General Bradley was instructed to gather his men together whilst both Winston Churchill and General Eisenhower addressed the Division about the forthcoming major battle. He was there to call in air strikes, artillery, Medevacs and resupply. [8][59], In Vietnam, the regiment fought in the Mekong Delta, where it conducted riverine warfare. It is important to remember why we were there. To him, it was an honorable enterprise and the only right course at the time and it is his belief that it contributed to the fall of Soviet communism. Tom Agnew was apprehensive on the way to Vietnam and wondering if he was up to the task. He describes the tactics he used to fight the enemy and recalls one memorable fight in which his men and an NVA unit charged at each other in darkness. Staff Sergeant Jlynn Ross 47th Infantry Regiment Missing: 03/17/1968, Recovered: 2/8/1993 Chief Warrant Officer Third Class William A. Smith 9th Aviation Battalion Missing: 09/27/1968, Recovered: 5/5/1999 During the actions in Normandy, the 47th U.S. Infantry Regiment, that was billeted in and around Alresford, received their first Distinguished Unit citation in battle which reads The 47th Infantry Regiment is cited for extraordinary gallantry and outstanding performance of duty from 21st to 26th June 1944, during which time it assaulted and captured four heavily fortified enemy held positions and penetrated the heart of Cherbourg. Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized Brice Barnes remembers having a dinner with a Vietnamese Chief during the Tet celebrations, which led to a good relationship throughout the war. This led to an assignment which found him in South Africa just as the country was undergoing monumental change. He had applied to Pathfinder school and was waiting for a slot when he got a lesson in how things get done in the Army. elements concurrently constituted and activated), Inactivated 1 October 1963 at Fort Lewis, Washington, and relieved [64]:165 In October, two of the regiment's battalions conducted pacification operations in Kin Ha province. Once there, medic Daniel Torres volunteered to stay with those who couldn't move and protected them through the night with medicine and a machine gun. E-5, Army, Vietnam War, 1961-1975 - Fort Dix, New Jersey; Fort Polk, Louisiana; Fort Benning, Georgia; Vietnam. if (navigator.appName == "Microsoft Internet Explorer") github.com Following a harrowing first day of combat, Tom Buchan was surprised to find hot food flown in and cots to sleep on. Christmas 1943 was a much happier period than the previous Christmas spent in North Africa. Busbin, Blake - Olivia Thompson - Norwood, James A. He was discharged in 1952. We hold an Annual Meeting and Reunion each year and reach out to members through our quarterly Octofoil newsletter and this website. He marveled at the toughness and courage of the fighters who traced the unit's lineage back to the French Colonial Airborne. [32], Remaining in Sicily after the Axis forces retreated, the regiment received orders to move in November 1943, making its way to England;[28] with the rest of the 9th Infantry Division, the regiment trained until June 1944. The brigade had moved and tactics had not been adjusted for the fact that there were anti-aircraft batteries up near the DMZ. 9th infantry He describes the tactics he used to fight the enemy and recalls one memorable fight in which his men and an NVA unit charged at each other in darkness. Web9th infantry division vietnam roster. This article incorporates public domain material from .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}47th Infantry Lineage and Honors. He knew what he had to do and his actions brought him consideration for the nation's highest military honor, the Medal of Honor. Therefore, it does not charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot give or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute material in its collections. The grenade taped to his hand might have killed him if the VC had found his hiding place. 1st Artillery Regiment 98.3.1, 391.2.1 1st Aviation Brigade (Army Vietnam) 472.7.4 sound recordings 472.7.7 1st Battalion 319.29 1st Brigade (American Forces in Germany) 120.11.3 1st Brigade (Army Philippines commands) 395.14.4 1st Brigade (Army Vietnam) 472.7.3 1st Carrier Task Force 313.5.3 1st Cavalry 391.3.2 The 94th Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army in World War II, and of the United States Army Reserve from 1956 until 1963. Web9th infantry division vietnam roster. 78th Annual Reunion Captain Forrest still had to write a gut-wrenching letter to the mother of a missing soldier. Banks, Gum Song - Rotary Club of Burnet, Texas - Keck, Nancy - Piotrowski, William Patrick, - Charlie would disappear into his holes and only come out once the Marines of Mike company had left. The Blue Door where the men of the 47th Infantry Regiment enjoyed their afternoon teas. - Clemson Veterans Project of Clemson University - Young, Lance - Saunders, Grant. 1969, * Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM Wikizero - Tet offensive attacks on Bien Hoa and Long Binh POSTED ON 9.2.2018 POSTED BY: Lucy Micik Thank You Dear PFC William Fesken, Thank you for your service as an Infantryman. Dates of Service: 1968-1974. Later in his Army career, it was time for a masters degree and Jim Littig chose an unusual major. Politics and religion are the 2nd Battalion 47th Infantry Regiment Panthers - Past, Present and Future ", "Maj. Gen. William M. MatzDeputy Commanding General", "Ceremony salutes 9th Infantry Division vets for role in capturing famed bridge at Remagen", "The end is near for Fort Benning's 197th Infantry Brigade", "Fort Benning to deactivate basic training unit", 2nd Battalion, 47th Infantry Regiment Website, 47th Infantry Regiment Tribute, 9th Infantry Division in World War II, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=47th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)&oldid=1137329354, Infantry regiments of the United States Army, Infantry regiments of the United States Army in World War II, Military units and formations established in 1917, Military units and formations of the United States Army in the Vietnam War, United States Army regiments of World War I, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2013, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Army Center of Military History, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Constituted 15 May 1917 in the Regular Army as the 47th Infantry, Organized 1 June 1917 at Syracuse, New York, Assigned 19 November 1917 to the 4th Division, Inactivated 22 September 1921 at Camp Lewis, Washington, Relieved 15 August 1927 from assignment to the 4th Division and assigned to the 7th Division, Relieved 1 October 1933 from assignment to the 7th Division, Assigned 1 August 1940 to the 9th Division (later redesignated as the 9th Infantry Division), Activated 10 August 1940 at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, Activated 15 July 1947 at Fort Dix, New Jersey, Relieved 1 December 1957 from assignment to the 9th Infantry Division and reorganized as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System, Withdrawn 16 June 1986 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System, Transferred 15 April 1996 to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for Hague Peninsula, Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for Wilhelmshoe, Germany, Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for Roetgen, Germany, Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for Nothberg, Germany, Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for Freuzenbeg Castle, Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for Remagen, Germany, Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for Oberkirchen, Germany, Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for Mekong Delta, Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action at the Meuse River, Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in the Ardennes, This page was last edited on 4 February 2023, at 01:52. John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress. The first night, as he settled in with a cold beer, the radio crackled with pleas for help from a nearby special forces camp. Infantry Family members are welcome to join us too. Members of the 47th Infantry Regiment owed a particular debt of gratitude to Lord and Lady Tichborne and Mr & Mrs. Campbell-Browning who furnished them with billets. Infantry regiment of the United States Army, Aisne-Marne American Cemetery and Memorial, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, United States Army Center of Military History, "Fort Benning | 2nd Battalion 47th Infantry Regiment", "Fort Benning | 3rd Battalion 47th Infantry Regiment", "Most Underrated General of World War II: Alexander Patch", "Veterans of 47th Infantry return to Benning, dedicate regimental room", "Fort Benning activates new battalion to train entry-level Soldiers for service in Infantry", "Joint Power Projection: Operation Torch", "Chapter IX: The End of Hostilities in Morocco", "Chapter XXIX: II Corps Operations Beyond El Guettar", "Order of Battle of the US Army WWII ETO: 9th Infantry Division", Headquarters Ninth Infantry Division, Office of the Surgeon, A.P.O. WASSI, Inc for Hosting Our Site WebThe 3rd of the 34th Artillery was a towed 105mm howitzer battalion assigned to the 9th Infantry Division. May 1966: 2nd Bde receives fill of troops. Captain, Army, Vietnam War, 1961-1975 - Fort Benning, Georgia; Fort Polk, Louisiana; Vietnam. A furious firefight followed, and he summoned his ace in the hole, the Air Force. Once the troops left Northington, Spider was never seen again and it is thought he may well have accompanied them all the way to France. History 25th Infantry Division World War II WWII Tropic Lightning Army 125743965187 [54] By mid-April 1945, the 9th Infantry Division was reassigned to VII Corps, and fought against remaining German forces in the Harz Mountains; there they encountered concentration camps near Nordhausen. [5][27] Following El Guettar, the regiment moved north, and fought in the Battle of Sedjenane, and soldiers of the regiment's 2d Battalion, were the first Allied soldiers in Bizerte. [24], On 14 September, the regiment entered Germany, at or near, Roetgen;[44] it was the first German city to fall to the Allies. 5 U.S. soldiers lost their lives in a Long An Province rice paddy July 11, Part 3 of 4. [61] This period of inactivation was short lived, as the 2d Battalion was reactivated at Fort Lewis in November 1972,[59] while the 3d Battalion was reactivated at the same base in March 1973. When he located the besieged squad, the battle became intense and they were in danger of being wiped out. Ultimately it was reactivated as a training regiment, and as of 1999, it has been assigned to Fort Benning and consists of two active battalions. 9th infantry division vietnam [48] By 30 September, the regiment had lost 163 officers; one company alone lost 18 officers killed, leading to a loss of experienced leadership over time. Veterans and interviewers contribute these materials to the Library for scholarly and educational purposes, retaining any copyright they may hold. Phase IV; * Counteroffensive, Phase V; * Counteroffensive, Phase VI; * Tet 69/Counteroffensive; It was the day he helped out one of the APC crews, though, that earned him recognition. Troops of the 9th Infantry Division The Mobile Riverine Click below to see how you can help us expand our mission. [55] After the Germans surrendered, the regiment conducted occupation duty in Germany, which lasted until late 1946;[35] part of the duty included a stint at the Dachau Concentration Camp. 9th Infantry Division It is Labor Day weekend, and we remember you all. Latest Update: May 25, 2013 2 nd Battalion (Mechanized) 47 th Infantry Regiment 9 th Infantry Division (Vietnam) M113A1 by George E. Bieda, 9092 Washington Ave, Studio 7, Silverdale WA 98383, 800-595-0042 or 360-613-5787 Windjammer-Arts.Com [64]:5967,70 In April and May 1967, the regiment's 4th Battalion conducted operations in the Rung Sat Special Zone. Later in the month most had reached their new quarters, which WebSubscribe to 47th Infantry Regiment, 9th Infantry Division Footer menu. By Saturday 3rd June, all roads to Southampton were jam packed with Army vehicles and troops and once more the men of the Ninth were on their way to battle. The brigade had moved and tactics had not been adjusted for the fact that there were anti-aircraft batteries up near the DMZ. As 1944 approached people began to wonder what the New Year would hold in store, would we see the end of the War? The place made quite an impression on him. DAGO 73 (27 November 1968) VUA. After his captain heard one such group calling for help on the radio, Freddie Owens joined a patrol to find them, guided by a gunshot every few minutes. WebBack to Search Results Veterans History Project Service Summary: War or Conflict: Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Branch of Service: Army Unit of Service: 2nd Battalion, 47th Infantry Regiment, 9th Infantry Division Location of Service: Fort Dix, New Jersey; Fort Polk, Louisiana; Fort Knox, Kentucky; Vietnam Highest Rank: E-5 View full service history Click below to see how you can help us expand our mission. One night, while Laurie was eating dinner, the USS Sanctuary got a call about a plane crash. They were hunkered down after fierce fighting when the call came from "Ghost 4-6." [56][35] In December 1946, the regiment was deactivated in Germany. Updated: 11/24/18 From here all units of the Division were supplied. D-Day. It was the most intense action he saw during the war. When he had to miss a much anticipated Navy lunch aboard ship, he was disappointed, but it turned out that he was lucky. WebWW2 US ARMY 29th infantry patch and DI - 110.00. [64]:150151[d] From mid-February and into early March, the regiment took part in Operation Coronado XI. Czarnecki, Jeanne - Santa Cruz Public Libraries - Foreman, Leonard. bob ingham family tree He was right. Web9th infantry division vietnam 1967 bearcatdream about someone faking their death. The 9th Infantry Regiment ("Manchu") is a parent infantry regiment of the United States Army.. The answer caused him to bite his tongue. 9th infantry division vietnam Fort Benning | 2nd Battalion 47th Infantry Regiment He has been back to Vietnam several times, including one memorable trip that was cut short. [37], Relieved by the 357th Infantry Regiment (of the 90th Infantry Division) along the English Channel, facing Jersey, the regiment moved to Saint-Jacques-de-Nhou where it began its push northward to Vasteville, via Bricquebec; on 20 June it began its push towards Cherbourg, but was initially halted near Sideville by stiff German prepared defenses around the outskirts of the port city. Donald Fenske passed away on October 9, 2019. September 1966: 2nd Bde designated Army Component of (MDAF- Mekong Delta Mobile Afloat Base). 47th Infantry Regiment in WWII The grenade taped to his hand might have killed him if the VC had found his hiding place. Web2nd Brigade 2-66 to 9-67. Later in his Army career, it was time for a masters degree and Jim Littig chose an unusual major. He was used to hot, humid summers, but when the door on the airliner opened in Da Nang, Tim Dunn felt like he was standing in front of a blast furnace. [59] Also 1957, the regiment's 3d Battalion was inactivated and relieved from the 9th Infantry Division, and two years later allotted to the United States Army Reserves' 81st Infantry Division. John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Artifact (AR01), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress. While clearing post for a man in Japan, Richey entered the medical ward to give the man his records. She vividly remembers the patients coming aboard, and the aftermath of this incident, including one boy who was MIA. As a publicly supported institution, the Library generally does not own rights to material in its collections. They were assigned to a task force of Combat Command B of the 9th Armored Division, consisting in part of the 47th Infantry What they needed was steel. In order for VHP materials to be duplicated, we must receive written permission from the interviewee for you to obtain a copy of the recording unless the proposed use is limited to personal use, research, or other uses permissible by copyright law. 9th infantry division vietnam The place made quite an impression on him. John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Video recording (MV01), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress. He and his medical platoon performed missions treating civilians in their villages and he relates a chilling story of a child used by the enemy to attack one of these operations. E-5, Army, Vietnam War, 1961-1975 - Fort Ord, California; Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Fort Benning, Georgia; Fort Campbell, Kentucky; Fort Myer, Virginia; Fort Bragg, North Carolina; Landing Zone (LZ) Betty, Vietnam. Part 1 of 2. [10] In late July, the regiment along with the rest of 7th Infantry Brigade, was briefly attached to the VII French Army Corps near Bois du Chitelet;[12]:93 it was then sent to bolster the beleaguered 42nd Division at Ourcq. Staff Sergeant Jlynn [64]:83 In June 1967, the regiment took part in Operation Concordia, with the USSColleton(APB-36) providing medical support. 9th infantry division vietnam Infantry Regiment of the U.S. Army, where he attained the rank of The RPG that severed Joe McDonalds foot didnt kill him. It was the most intense action he saw during the war. The 47th Infantry Regiment in Alresford, UK Soon men were allowed to visit Winchester and London, followed by eight and ten day leave permits to go further afield. At 0630 hours on the 27th of May 1944, the 9th Infantry Division was put on a six hour alert and events quickly began to happen. This isn't going to work. Constituted in 1917 at Camp Syracuse, New York, the regiment fought in the Great War, and was later inactivated in 1921. We were looking for a fight. As he and his battalion had to move around Vietnam, it was often very tough to move around due to poor road conditions. Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Personal Narratives. Can I cut the mustard? This led to an assignment which found him in South Africa just as the country was undergoing monumental change. The 3d Battalion was the first to be inactivated, doing so at Fort Riley in August 1969;[8] this was followed by the 2d Battalion, which was inactivated at Fort Lewis in October 1970,[59] and the 1st Battalion in November 1972. They were always short of pilots in the assault helicopter company, but he didn't think this guy was going to work out. When he located the besieged squad, the battle became intense and they were in danger of being wiped out. It was a group of wounded men who had pulled themselves together after the ill fated march to LZ Albany and were lost in the dark. Posted on 25 fevereiro, 2023 by 25 fevereiro, 2023 by 2nd Battalion 47th Infantry Vietnam Site Index - Angelfire The plaque remembering the location of the 47th Infantrys Regimental headquarters at 50 Broad Street, Alresford. 47th Infantry Regiment 26 talking about this. Once the preliminaries of getting the troops billeted into the various camps was completed, the men were anxious to explore the countryside and meet the local folk. 2-3 Dec 67. 2d Battalion, 47th Infantry - United States Army Center Of WebBack to Search Results Veterans History Project Service Summary: War or Conflict: Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Branch of Service: Army Unit of Service: 2nd Battalion, 47th On one of his first missions, he learned not to triage the wounded too quickly. The Division incurred 2,624 causalities and was inactivated in 1969, then reactivated in 1972 and served as an equipment testing Division at Ft. Lewis, Washington until 1991. The 9th Infantry Division was split up with units landing at Liverpool, Swansea in Wales and Gourock in Scotland. WebGitHub export from English Wikipedia. [64]:59 From mid-February to late-March 1967, the regiment's 3d Battalion conducted combat training, with the USSWhitfield County(LST-1169) and the 9th River Assault Squadron, in the Rung Sat Special Zone. That night the men encountered a few Viet Cong, but the next morning they found themselves far outnumbered. teacher harriet voice shawne jackson; least stressful physician assistant specialties; grandma's marathon elevation gain; describe key elements of partnership working with external organisations; WebStatistics. The Marines who came to pick him up were dirty and dusty and haggard looking. It could be tough getting resupplied in the field in Vietnam. United States Army Center of Military History. Growing up in Texas in a family with military history, Brice Barnes had a desire to enlist to help the world be a better place. WebThe 4th Infantry Division is a modular division of the United States Army based at Fort Carson, Colorado. WebRM2J2EW4Y REMAGEN TOWN LUDENDORFF BRIDGE Troops of the 47th Infantry Regiment, attached to the 9th Infantry Division, march through Remagen to cross the Ludendorff Bridge on March 9, 1945. Czarnecki, Jeanne, et al. To Jim Littig, the way the end of the war unfolded was very irritating, with multiple failures by the government. to Alpha from Bravo Company"Brothers in War"Nat Geo's Documentary Charles William Gill Collection | Library of Congress Welcome to the 2nd Battalion, 47 Infantry (Vietnam) Web Site! The first reunion was held in New York City the next year and has held a national reunion every year since. Please contact VHP for assistance if you need to contact a veteran for permission to use their materials in exhibition or publication, or if you have received permission from the veteran and need access to high-resolution copies of VHP collection materials. Witness to War is a non-profit dedicated to preserving the oral histories of combat veterans through digital video interviews. The Marines who came to pick him up were dirty and dusty and haggard looking. Mr. Harness remembers seeing the convoy of cars enter the Grange, VIPs walk into the building and then close the large doors. Leaving out of Travis Air Force Base, Brice Barnes remembers the stoic nature of the men he travelled over to Bien Hoa. Lineage and Honors Information as of 22 May 1997, Constituted 15 May 1917 in the Regular Army as Company B, 47th It wasn't any ragtag Viet Cong, it was a battalion of NVA that was assaulting the artillery battery where Sammy Davis was stationed in the Mekong Delta. WebBrice Barnes | Vietnam | 9th Infantry Division, 47th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Battalion Mechanized | 5:46 Brice Barnes remembers some of the most important things he gained Soon after the Great War, the Division was demobilized in 1919 and Tom Agnew was apprehensive on the way to Vietnam and wondering if he was up to the task. [8][59] although, the regiment was withdrawn from the Combat Arms Regimental System and was reorganized into the United States Army Regimental System. from assignment to the 4th Infantry Division, Redesignated 1 February 1966 as the 2d Battalion, 47th Infantry; Captain, Army, Vietnam War, 1961-1975 - Vietnam. WebProvince, 47 gallant U.S. soldiers were lost and many more were wounded. [40] The regiment continued to fight in the western portion of Cherbourg, and by the 26th it captured German General Karl-Wilhelm von Schlieben and Admiral Walter Hennecke. Alpha, Bravo & Charlie CompanyKIA Pages Updated - input byAl Brown & Frank LewanovichDavid L. Thornton moved 9th Infantry Division Unit Histories (Vietnam) - MRFA This is a nice little story about the stay of the men of the 47th Infantry Regiment in the UK, before they left for France to fight in the Normandy Campaign. [ Attached to the 2d Battalion (Mechanized), 47th Infantry ] DAGO 5 (27 January 1969) 2nd Battalion, 47th Infantry. After his captain heard one such group calling for help on the radio, Freddie Owens joined a patrol to find them, guided by a gunshot every few minutes. [46] This was followed by fighting in the Hrtgen Forest;[47] during the battle the regiment captured Frenzerburg Castle. They had new wounded coming in constantly, and trying to care for all of them at once was emotionally exhausting. on cloud waterproof women's black; finder journal springer; mickey lolich health. Colombe. (Caution: coarse language.). Copyright 2023 Witness To War. The 9th Infantry Division ("Old Reliables") is an inactive infantry division of the United States [24][35] Medical supplies for the regiment had been lost during its movement from England to Normandy, but were replaced and captured German vehicles were pressed into service by the regiment's medical detachment.